Work-Family Conflict dan Parenting Self- Efficacy pada Ibu Bekerja di Jakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25170/manasa.v10i1.2505Keywords:
work-family conflict parenting self efficacy working mothersAbstract
The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between work-family conflict and parenting self-efficacy among working mothers in Jakarta. The research is a quantitative with correlational research design. Participants for this research is consisted by 121 mothers with the range of aged 23 to 56 years old, live with working husband and the children, have child aged below 18 years old, and have full-time job in Jakarta. Data were collected using two measurement tools are Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFCS) and Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI). The data was measured using Spearman correlation and it has been showed there is the relationship between work-family conflict and parenting self-efficacy significantly (rs = -0.387, p = 0.000 (p < 0.01)). These two variables are negatively related to each other. It can be concluded who working mothers have low their work-family conflict, they have high self-efficacy to fulfill their role as parent. The recommendation for future research will do in qualitative research to know how the parents, father and mother, take care of their children and what kind of social support that has been accepted for working mothers.
Keywords: Work-Family Conflict, Parenting Self-Efficacy, Working Mothers
References
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Handini, R.E. (2013). Hubungan antara work-family conflict dan keterikatan kerja pada ibu bekerja (Skripsi Sarjana). Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Handini, R.E., Haryoko, S.F., & Yulianto, A. (2014). Hubungan antara work-family conflict dan keterikatan kerja pada ibu bekerja. Jurnal NOETIC Psychology, 4(2). Diunduh dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298235723_Hubungan_antara_Work-Family_ Conflict_dan_Keterikatan_Kerja_pada_Ibu_Bekerja_Relationship_between_Work-Family_Conflict_and_Work_Engagement_among_Working_Mothers
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Monica, J. (2016). Hubungan antara strategi pengasuhan dan parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya (Skripsi Sarjana). Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Nadialis, E.C., & Nugrohoseno, D. (2014). Hubungan usia, masa kerja dan beban kerja dengan stress kerja karyawan. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 2(2). Diunduh dari http://jurnalmaha siswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jim/article/download/9831/9588
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Nunally, J.C., & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psyhcometric theory (3^rd ed.). United States: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Odenweller, K., & Rittenour, C.E. (2017). Stereotypes of stay-at-home and working mothers. Southern Communication Journal, 82 (2). Diunduh dari https://doi.org/10.1080 /1041794X.2017.1287214
O’driscoll, M.P. (2004). Work/family conflict, psychological well-being, satisfaction and social support: A longitudinal study in New Zealand. Diunduh dari https://www. researchgate.net/publication/29456938_WorkFamily_Conflict_Psychological_Well-Being_Satisfaction_and_ Social_Support_A_Longitudinal_Study_in_New_Zealand
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Santrock, J. W. (2015). Life-span development (〖15〗^th ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Education.
Sapungan, G.M., & Sapungan, R.M. (2014). Parental involvement in child’s education: Importance, barriers and benefits. Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education, 3(2). Diunduhdarihttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ronel_Sapungan/publication/283539737_Parental_Involvement_in_Child's_Education_Importance_Barriers_and_Benefits/links/563dc34608ae8d65c01281ac.pdf
Schimdt, S., Roesler, U., Kusserow, T., & Rau, R. (2014). Uncertainty in the workplace: Examining role ambiguity and role conflict, and their link to depression—a meta-analysis. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23. Diunduh dari https://www.tandfonli ne.com/doi/full/10.1080/1359432X.2012.711523
Sevigny, P.R., & Loutzenhiser, L. (2010). Predictors of parenting self-efficacy in mothers and fathers of toddlers. Child: Care, Health and Development, 36(2). Diunduh dari doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.009 80.x
Soedarwo, V.S.D. (2010). Pengertian gender dan sosialisasi gender. Jakarta : Universitas Terbuka
Yusnita, S. (2016). Pengaruh role conflict dan role ambiguity terhadap job satisfaction karyawan PT Virgo Multi Cipta (Skripsi, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia). Diunduh dari https://lib.atmajaya.ac.id/Uploads/Fulltext/203071/2009011299-Sari%20Y.pdf
Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7^thed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall
Amini, M. (2015). Profil keterlibatan orang tua dalam pendidikan anak usia TK. Jurnal Ilmiah VISI PPTK PAUDNI, 10(1). Diunduh dari https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/25 9967-profil-keterlibatan-orang-tua-dalam-pend-1a6ef5db.pdf
Apsaryanthi, N.L.K., & Lestari, M.D. (2017). Perbedaan tingkat psychological well-being pada ibu rumah tangga dengan ibu bekerja di Kabupaten Gianyar. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 4(1). Diunduh dari https:// ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/300 13/18427
Asmara, C.G. (2019, September 8). Bukan cuma ibu kota, RI bakal punya 10 kota metropolitan baru. CNBC Indonesia. Dikutip dari https://www. cnbcindonesia.com/news/201909081 24552-4-97866/bukan-cuma-ibu-kota-ri-bakal-punya-10-kota-metropolitan-baru
Asvita, A. (2015). Work-family conflict: Pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap job performance dan moderasi self-efficacy perawat Unit IRD RSUD Dr.
Soetomo, Surabaya. (Tesis, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia). Diunduh dari http://reposi tory.unair.ac.id/39544/2/Binder11.pdf
Bandura, A. (1997). Self efficacy the exercise of control. New York: W.H Freeman and Company
Bartlett, J.E., Kotrlik, J.W., & Higgins, C.C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1). Diunduh dari http://citeseerx.ist.psu. edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1. 486.8295&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Bornstein, M.H. (2002). Handbook of parenting (2^nded.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publisher
Coleman, P.K., & Karraker, K.H. (1998). Self-efficacy and parenting quality: Findings and future applications. Developmental Review, 18(1). Diunduh dari https://doi.org/10.1006/ drev.1997.0448
Coleman, P.K., & Karraker, K.H. (2000). Parenting self-efficacy among mothers of school-age children: Conceptualization, measurement, and correlates. Family Relations, 49(1). Diunduh dari https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1741-3729.2000.00013.x
Cooklin, A.R., Westrupp, E., Strazdins, L., Giallo, R., Martin, A., & Nicholson, J.M. (2014). Mother’s work-family conflict and enrichment: Associations with parenting quality and couple relationship. Child: Care, Health and Development, 41(2). Diunduh dari doi:10.1111/cch. 12137
Cresswell, J.W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4^thed.). Boston: Pearson Education, IEC.
Diadha, R. (2015). Keterlibatan orang tua dalam pendidikan anak usia dini di Taman Kanak-kanak. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, 2(1). Diunduh dari http://ejournal.sps. upi.edu/index.php/edusentris/article/view/161/131
Dodou, D., & de Winter, J.C.F. (2014). Social desirability is the same in offline, online, and paper surveys: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 36. Diunduh dari https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.005
Duxbury, L.E., & Higgins, C.A. (1991). Gender differences in work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(1). Diunduh dari https ://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.1. 60
Gravetter, F.J. & Wallnau, L.B. (2017). Statistics for the behavioral sciences (〖10〗^th ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning.
Greenhaus, J.H., & Beutell, N.J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1). Diunduh dari https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/ 10.5465/AMR.1985.4277352
Feist, J., Feist, G. J., & Roberts, T.A. (2013). Theories of personality (8^th ed.). United States: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Handayani, A., & Munawar, M. (2015). Work-family balanced and quality of parenting in optimizing children development. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 4(1). Diunduh dari https://journal. unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/ijeces/article/view/ 9447
Handini, R.E. (2013). Hubungan antara work-family conflict dan keterikatan kerja pada ibu bekerja (Skripsi Sarjana). Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Handini, R.E., Haryoko, S.F., & Yulianto, A. (2014). Hubungan antara work-family conflict dan keterikatan kerja pada ibu bekerja. Jurnal NOETIC Psychology, 4(2). Diunduh dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298235723_Hubungan_antara_Work-Family_ Conflict_dan_Keterikatan_Kerja_pada_Ibu_Bekerja_Relationship_between_Work-Family_Conflict_and_Work_Engagement_among_Working_Mothers
Indrasari, S.Y., & Affiani, L. (2018). Peran persepsi keterlibatan orangtua dan strategi pengasuhan terhadap parenting self-efficacy. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 16(2). Diunduh dari http://www.ijil.ui.ac.id/index.php/jps/article/view/jps.2018.8
International Labour Organization. (2017). Laporan ketenagakerjaan Indonesia 2017: Memanfaatkan teknologi untuk pertumbuhan dan penciptaan lapangan kerja. Dikutip dari http://www.oit.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilojakarta/documents/publication /wcms_ 613626.pdf
Kahn, R.L., Wolfe, D.M., Quinn, R.P., Snoek, J.D., & Rosenthal, R.A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Midayanti, N. (Mei, 2018). Keadaan ketenagakerjaan Indonesia Februari 2018. Berita Resmi Statistik. Dikutip dari www.turc.or.id/wp-content/uplo ads/2018/06/BPS_Berita-Resmi-Statsitik_Keadaan-Ketenagakerjaan-Indonesia-Februari-2018.pdf
Monica, J. (2016). Hubungan antara strategi pengasuhan dan parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya (Skripsi Sarjana). Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Nadialis, E.C., & Nugrohoseno, D. (2014). Hubungan usia, masa kerja dan beban kerja dengan stress kerja karyawan. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 2(2). Diunduh dari http://jurnalmaha siswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jim/article/download/9831/9588
Nilakusmawati, D.P.E., & Susilawati, M. (2012). Studi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi wanita bekerja di kota Denpasar. Jurnal Kependudukan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia, 8(1). Diunduh dari https:// ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/piramida/article/view/6986
Nunally, J.C., & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psyhcometric theory (3^rd ed.). United States: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Odenweller, K., & Rittenour, C.E. (2017). Stereotypes of stay-at-home and working mothers. Southern Communication Journal, 82 (2). Diunduh dari https://doi.org/10.1080 /1041794X.2017.1287214
O’driscoll, M.P. (2004). Work/family conflict, psychological well-being, satisfaction and social support: A longitudinal study in New Zealand. Diunduh dari https://www. researchgate.net/publication/29456938_WorkFamily_Conflict_Psychological_Well-Being_Satisfaction_and_ Social_Support_A_Longitudinal_Study_in_New_Zealand
Pratista, F.C. (2016). Hubungan antara tuntutan pekerjaan dengan kesejahteraan psikologis pada karyawati. (Skripsi, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia). Diunduh dari https://dspace.uii.ac.id /handle/123456789/2530
Roboth, J.Y. (2015). Analisis work family conflict, stres kerja dan kinerja wanita berperan ganda pada Yayasan Compassion East Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Bisnis dan Manajemen, 3(1). Diunduh dari https://ejournal.unsrat. ac.id/index.php/jrbm/article/view/ 7517
Santrock, J. W. (2015). Life-span development (〖15〗^th ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Education.
Sapungan, G.M., & Sapungan, R.M. (2014). Parental involvement in child’s education: Importance, barriers and benefits. Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education, 3(2). Diunduhdarihttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ronel_Sapungan/publication/283539737_Parental_Involvement_in_Child's_Education_Importance_Barriers_and_Benefits/links/563dc34608ae8d65c01281ac.pdf
Schimdt, S., Roesler, U., Kusserow, T., & Rau, R. (2014). Uncertainty in the workplace: Examining role ambiguity and role conflict, and their link to depression—a meta-analysis. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23. Diunduh dari https://www.tandfonli ne.com/doi/full/10.1080/1359432X.2012.711523
Sevigny, P.R., & Loutzenhiser, L. (2010). Predictors of parenting self-efficacy in mothers and fathers of toddlers. Child: Care, Health and Development, 36(2). Diunduh dari doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.009 80.x
Soedarwo, V.S.D. (2010). Pengertian gender dan sosialisasi gender. Jakarta : Universitas Terbuka
Yusnita, S. (2016). Pengaruh role conflict dan role ambiguity terhadap job satisfaction karyawan PT Virgo Multi Cipta (Skripsi, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia). Diunduh dari https://lib.atmajaya.ac.id/Uploads/Fulltext/203071/2009011299-Sari%20Y.pdf
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