ATTITUDE DAN GRADUATION TOKOH UTAMA NOVEL THE VALLEY OF FEAR DAN VERSI TERJEMAHAN MISTERI LEMBAH KETAKUTAN (BERBASIS KORPUS)

Abstract

This study discusses the appraisal of the attitude and graduation (force) subsystem based on corpus linguistics. The Appraisal Theory proposed by Martin and White (2005) relates to the expression of the speaker's/writer's feelings, particularly the evaluation of someone’s emotional reactions, attitude, and objects. The evaluation can be positive or negative. Meanwhile, graduation is associated with a scale of evaluation involving attitude. The aims of this study are: First, to find out what kind of attitude subsystem is found on the character Sherlock Holmes in the novel The Valley of Fear by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1915) and the translated version Misteri Lembah Ketakutan by Ismanto, Ahmad Asnawi and Sutrisno published by Indolestari ( 2021). Second, to find out how the translation shift occurred on the character, it can be seen from the graduation force (scale up and scale down). This research applies descriptive qualitative research method using corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis as research design. The critical discourse analysis approach is used to find out what types of attitudes appeare in the ST and TT of the novels and to find out the shift of graduation of the translated novel. Meanwhile, the linguistic corpus approach is used to calculate the frequency of appraisals apprear in the ST and TT. The data used in this study is a parallel corpus using the Sketch Engine tool; clauses containing attitude and graduation by applying purposive sampling of the first four chapters of the novel because in these chapters, the main character Sherlock Holmes often evaluates persons, object, or behavior. The clause is used as the unit of analysis because the clause is an important unit in grammatical meaning and in terms of the pattern will be in line with the lower unit, namely the phrase. The corpus information on the ST is; 15,353 tokens, 12,858 words, and 1,000 clauses, while in TT there are 12,930, 10,974 words and 1,067 clauses. It was found that the number of attitude in ST and TT was the i.e. appreciation 47 (50%), judgment 24 (25.53%), and affect 23 (24.46%). Then, a shift in the translation of the graduation force was found in the attitude; the number scale up of ST turned scale down of TT was18 (Su → Sd) and the scale down of ST turned scale up in TT was17 (Sd → Su).